Authors: E.Yu. Van, V.I. Barashkova, S.A. Yakovleva, Mikhailov

Title of the article: Research and selection of optimal methods for extracting nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds from plant raw materials

Year: 2020, Issue: 1, Pages: 68-75

Branch of knowledge: 05.17.04 Technology of organic substances

Index UDK: 547.944

DOI: 10.26730/1999-4125-2020-1-68-75

Abstract: The article presents the classification of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds (NCH) or alkaloids, the history of their discovery, their presence in plant raw materials and biological objects. It is noted that the concentration of alkaloids in plants is variable and depends on which part of the plant contains this substance (leaves, fruits, branches, roots, etc.), the geography of the region, the type of plant, climate, vegetation period, seasonal, circadian and other factors. The pharmacological significance of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds on the human body is given. The analysis of various methods for extracting alkaloids from plant raw materials, such as extraction with solutions of acids (sulfuric, hydrochloric or acetic), various alcohols (ethanol, methanol, etc.), lipophilic solvents (chloroform, benzene, ether, methylene chloride, etc.); adsorption separation column chromatography (adsorbent aluminum oxide or silicon); high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); and chromatographic adsorption. Based on the analysis, the optimal method for extracting alkaloids from medicinal plants of the Botanical garden of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University was selected. The method consists in extracting vegetable raw materials with benzene with preliminary leaching of the crushed raw materials with distilled water and ethanol solution with the addition of 2% hydrochloric acid. Pretreatment of samples before extraction allowed to increase the extraction of the target product into the extract by an average of 5%.

Key words: alkaloids extraction methods extraction secondary metabolites nitrogen-containing heterocycles

Receiving date: 29.04.2020

Publication date: 11.06.2020

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