Authors: I.S. Elkin, A.N. Nekrasov

Title of the article: Determination of metal density and chemical bond length by type of crystal lattice

Year: 2026, Issue: 2, Pages: 101-114

Branch of knowledge: 2.6.1 Metal science and heat treatment of metals and alloys

Index UDK: 621.9:538.9:548.7

DOI: 10.26730/1999-4125-2026-2-101-114

Abstract: A modern view of the problem of determining the density of simple substances, solids with a crystalline structure, and metals represented in the periodic table of chemical elements by D. I. Mendeleev is presented. The relationship of the density of substances, atomic radius, and chemical bond length with the type of crystalline structure of a substance is shown, and modern experimental and theoretical methods for determining the density of substances are described. The nonlinear relationship between the density and the molar mass of a substance is indicated. The reliability of the results obtained in the proposed method for determining density from the structure of the crystal lattice of a solid is indicated. An analysis of experimental studies in determining the density of crystalline bodies is presented. The discrepancy between the results of the definitions is explained by the methodological error when using the experimental method, on the one hand, and the imperfection of the crystal structure, the presence of irregularities in the crystal structure, on the other hand. Based on the research results, a computer program has been developed that makes it possible to determine the density of crystalline bodies and the radius of an atom by the type of crystal lattice structure. The results of the calculations are presented in the form of tables. It is noted that optical methods provide the highest accuracy among the experimental methods. The discrepancy between different sources is explained as the influence of defects in the crystal lattice on the measurement results using experimental methods. The calculations were performed for metals under normal conditions. The aim of this work is to expand the understanding of the issue of determining the density of a solid body for both educational and scientific purposes.

Key words: density solid metal crystal lattice measurements metal bond length atomic radius molar mass chemical bond length

Receiving date: 25.06.2025

Approval date: 15.05.2026

Publication date: 29.06.2026

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